第40节 (第2/2页)

 thepooreprecisionthanhadeverbeen

    donebefore.butitediaevaldot.it

    didonhunbeings,uheyhappeo

    bethepropertyofthevassal,ustbesafeguarded

    againstroyaltyrannyjustasthebaronialows

    ectedagainstanexcessofzealoofthe

    royalforesters.

    afeer,hoohearaverydifferent

    heuy.

    john,nly

    hadprosedtoobeythegreatcharterandthenhadbroken

    everyosnystipulations.fortunately,hesoondied

    ando

    reghecharteraneeanhe

    oneyandthe

    kingightpayhis

    obligationstothejeoneylehelargelandowners

    andthebishopsedasuncillorstothekinguld

    notprovidehithenecessarygoldandsilver.theking

    thengaveordersthatafeativesofthecitiesbe

    calledupontoattendthesessionsofhisgreatuncil.they

    detheirfirstappearaheyear1265.theyweresupposed

    toalyasfinancialexpertssupposed

    totakeapartinthegeneraldisattersofstate,but

    togiveadvilusivelyuponthequestionoftaxation.

    gradually,hons

    anyoftheprobleaing

    ofnoblen,bishopsandcitydelegatesdevelopedintular

    parliant,aplace``oulonparfait,eansinenglish

    portantaffairsofstatewere

    decidedupon.

    buttheinstitutionofsuchageneraladvisoryboardh

    certaiivepoanenglishiion,as

    seetokethegeneralbelief,andgoventbya``kingand

    hisparliantearictedtothebritishisles.

    youeuntries,

    likefraherapidincreaseoftheroyalpoerthe

    ddleagesreduenttonothing.

    intheyear1302representativesofthecitieshadbeen

    adttedtotheetingofthefrenchparliant,butfive

    entrong

    enoughtoasserttherightsoftheddleclass,thesocalled

    thirdestate,ahepoheking.thenthey

    deupforlosttiandduringthefrenchrevolution,abolished

    theking,theadetherepresentatives

    ofthenpeopletherulersoftheland.in

    spaiexthekingsuncilhadbeeothe

    nersasearlyasthefirsthalfofthethtury.

    inthegerineire,anuerofiortantcitieshadobtained

    therankof``ierialcitiesust

    beheardintheierialdiet.

    insativesofthepeopleattehesessions

    oftheriksdagatthefirstetingoftheyear1359.in

    denrkthedaneholf,theanbly,wasre

    establishedin1314,and,althoughtheenregairol

    ofth

    ...